The EU Commission should take priority measures to ensure early 5G deployment in Europe 欧委会应采取重点措施确保欧洲5G初步部署顺利展开

Leading Chinese undertakings are betting on the future 5G mobile communications standard as a game changer in the ICT industry. If their expectations come true, they will likely become the dominant companies in the sector, taking over the prominent role played today by the US based GAFAs.

中国领军电信企业寄希望于未来5G通讯标准将是改变整个信息通信技术行业的游戏变革者。如果它们的期望成真，那么它们将非常有可能成为这个领域的主导力量，取代目前美国互联网四巨头（谷歌、亚马逊、脸书、苹果）在全球数字经济中扮演的突出角色，成为新一代的主角。

The European Commission’s public consultation on its 5G Action Plan, which closed in July, provided a unique opportunity for Chinese companies to influence the EU policy making in this area.

近期，欧委会针对其5G行动计划进行了公众咨询，为中国电信企业对该领域欧盟政策的制定发表意见提供了一个特别的机会。该公众咨询已于七月份结束。

Aimed at intensifying joint research and business cooperation and mutual investments in Internet, Telecom and Hi-tech between China and Europe, ChinaEU participated in the consultation and highlighted the issues that the EU should prioritize to deploy 5G successfully.

以加强中欧在互联网、电信和高科技领域的商业合作、联合研究和相互投资为宗旨，中欧数字协会参与了本次公众咨询，并在其答卷中强调欧盟应该有重点地采取行动来确保5G的成功部署与展开。

5G will be a key infrastructure for Europe and a core asset to support competitiveness and digitization of European industry. For this reason, 5G introduction in Europe needs to be time coordinated across all Member States, to maximize early availability at pan-European scale and holistic deployment approach should be targeted from the start (both lower frequency bands which are below 6 GHz and higher frequency bands which are above 6GHz).

5G将会是欧洲未来发展的重点基础设施，同时也是支持欧洲工业竞争力和数字化的核心资产。正因为这两点原因，欧洲的5G引入需要欧盟各成员国共同协调好时间，使其初步可用性在泛欧洲规模上实现最大化。同时，欧盟还需要从一开始就从整体的角度考虑5G部署方法（同时发展6赫兹以下的低频带和6赫兹以上的高频带）。

As other regions of the world have announced pre-commercial pilots and showcasing for 5G as early as 2017-2018, the European 5G leadership should also organize pan-European showcasing events as early as 2017 in view of early 5G deployment in Europe by 2020. An early but realistic common deadline will mobilize public and private efforts with a clear focus, to the benefit of the whole of the industry and end-users.

目前世界很多国家和地区已经宣布最早将在2017到2018年间完成5G预商用实验及展示。鉴于欧洲计划于2020年完成5G的初步部署，欧洲5G领导组也应该尽快在2017年组织泛欧洲范围内的5G展示活动。一个共同而尽早的截止日期将有助于调动公私范畴内各5G推动方的积极性并使其有重点地为之努力，整个行业和所有的终端用户将从中极大受益。

As a first step, Europe and China should work together and co-organize trials and showcases. One concrete example could be the launch of “full 5G Cities projects” starting from 2018. It would be essential to involve also the European and Chinese vertical industry, i.e. industries like the automotive industries, that will be heavy users of 5G, as well as the public sector.

作为第一步，中欧应该通力合作、共同组织5G试验和展示。举一个具体的例子，比如中欧可以自2018年起共同打造“全5G城市项目”。与此同时，中欧垂直工业的参与也至关重要，例如像汽车这样的工业将会成为未来5G科技的巨大使用者，当然公共部门也应当在考虑之内。

Current expectations are that while eMBB (enhanced Mobile Broadband) will be the largest 5G market in 2020, the connections of mMTC (massive machine type communication) will surpass that of eMBB by 2025. For this reason, 5G introduction in Europe should target the eMBB use from the beginning. In parallel, the EU Commission should endeavor convincing other regions to set a similar priority while ensuring early availability of eMBB services in Europe to create global markets. Meanwhile, the EU Commission should also target as priority mMTC and URLL (ultra reliable low latency) classes of use from the beginning, to foster the emergence  of ecosystems with vertical industries.

就目前的推测来看，2020年增强型移动宽带将会成为5G的最大市场，而到2025年的时候，海量物联网通信的链接将超越增强型移动宽带。因此，欧洲引进5G时应从一开始就瞄准增强型移动宽带的使用。在确保增强型移动宽带服务初步有效性的的同时，欧委会还应该尽力说服其他地区设立一个相似的发展优先顺序，这样有利于创造一个统一的全球市场。此外，欧委会也应该从一开始便瞄准海量物联网通信和超可靠低延迟通讯这两个重点工程的使用级别，培养它们与垂直工业共存的生态系统。

However, the first step should be the identification of adequate spectrum for 5G and setting out a timeline for making this spectrum available throughout the EU. Countries such as US, Japan, South Korea are moving fast to identify 5G spectrum already in 2016. It is therefore of key importance for Europe that the Commission would already announce still in 2016 or in any case before end 2017, the spectrum that will be earmarked for 5G applications.

但是，首先要做的第一件事是鉴别出一个充足的5G频谱并设定一个在欧盟范围内实现该频谱的时间线。许多国家动作非常迅速、已经即将在2016年找出5G频谱，例如美国、日本、韩国。因此，欧委会在2016年、或者无论如何在2017年底前宣布5G应用指定的频谱对于欧洲5G顺利部署是至关重要的。

Globally harmonized spectrum is a necessity to satisfy requirements of worldwide interoperability and to minimize equipment costs. In case network/user equipment has to operate across several region-specific frequency bands, this should also be economically feasible even on low cost IoT-type of devices. 700 MHz and 3.4 – 3.8 GHz should be considered as the 5G priority bands for EU harmonization.

一个全球统一的频谱是满足世界范围内实现互操作性要求的必要条件，也是设备成本最小化的前提。如果网络组织或是用户设备需要跨越多个区域特定频带进行操作，该频谱还需要从经济层面上确保其在低成本的物联网类设备上的可行性。可以考虑700兆赫及3.4 – 3.8千兆赫作为欧盟统一的5G优先频带。

Though eMBB is considered as the main priority, the initial standards should not be limited to eMBB usages, but also include vertical sector requirements from the onset (mMTC and URLL). The European Commission should set out a strategy to ensure that appropriate standards can also emerge timely in areas concerning the interface between communications functions and third party service providers, for instance vertical industries.

尽管增强型移动宽带被认定为发展重点，初始标准却不应当只局限于增强型移动宽带的适用范围，而是应该从一开始便把垂直区域的需求也包括进去（海量物联网通信和超可靠低延迟通讯）。欧委会应当设定一个战略，确保合适的标准能够适时在涉及通讯功能和第三方服务提供者相互作用的领域出现，比如垂直工业。

As regards mMTC and URLL, ChinaEU thinks that the following vertical industries are the most likely to drive investments in the first generation of 5G services:

就海量物联网通信和超可靠低延迟通讯而言，中欧数字协会认为以下垂直工业最有可能带动对第一代5G服务的投资：

• Automotive/Connected vehicles/Traffic management
• Transport for logistics (other than automotive, i.e. trains, planes, maritime)
• Energy network management
• Public safety & disaster recovery

• 汽车/车联网/交通管理
• 物流运输（除汽车以外，例如火车、飞机、船只）
• 能源网络管理
• 公共安全及灾难恢复

A strong public intervention is important because, as is the case with any major innovation, 5G is confronted with a chicken-and-egg problem: industrial users will not start investing in 5G applications before 5G networks are effectively deployed on a large scale and telecom operators will not want to invest in deploying massively 5G in the absence of a proven market demand.

强劲的公共干预十分重要，因为和世上许多重大革新一样，5G也面临着鸡生蛋蛋生鸡的问题：工业用户不会在5G网络大规模有效部署好之前开始对5G应用进行投资，而电信运营商也不会愿意在没有确凿的市场需求证明前提下投资大规模部署5G。

Thus, ChinaEU stressed to the Commission that, in an initial stage, public funding is unavoidable to foster pervasive deployment of 5G networks throughout the EU. Means for such public funding could notably come from the European Fund for Strategic Investment, the European Investment Bank, national or regional funds.

因此，中欧数字协会向欧委会强调,在初始阶段公共资金对于打造遍布欧盟的5G网络部署是不可避免的。所谓的公共资金来源显然可以是欧洲战略投资基金、欧洲投资银行、国家或者地区基金。

In parallel, specific regulatory measures reducing the cost of deployment of access facilities – such as those aimed at by the Cost Reduction Directive of 2014, are indispensable:

此外，利于降低接达设备部署成本的有针对性的规范措施，例如2014年发布的成本降低指导中列出的那些，同样必不可少：

• Reducing cost and deadlines for obtaining building permits and rights of way (in line with other major infrastructure projects, such as electricity pylons, and their low rents/legal protection)
• Easing planning restrictions on small cells
• Harmonizing EMF radiation caps at EU level so as to avoid some countries and regions to have significantly more severe rules than the harmonized radiation cap
• Ending special taxes and administrative charges on sites and masts used for base stations and transmitters

• 减少获取建筑执照和开路权的成本及期限（依照其他主要的基础设施项目，如输电塔及其低租金和相应法律保护）
• 放松对小型基站的规划限制
• 在欧盟层面上协调电磁辐射上限，避免个别国家和地区拥有相较统一的辐射上限特别严苛的规则
• 终止对用于机电站与发射器的站点和天线杆征收特殊的税及行政费用

The EU Commission has a major role in educating relevant authorities about the benefits of inward investment in wireless versus the petty financial gains from site and mast taxes.

欧委会应对相关当局进行教育、讲解与通过对站点及天线杆征税获得高财政收入相比，在无线网络领域对内投资所能带来的益处。

ICT is a global industry and 5G is a promising area for international cooperation. For this reason, ChinaEU considers that cooperation from the outset between China and Europe on 5G matters should be the second leg of the EUs 5G strategy, completing the above listed intra EU action lines.

信息通信技术是一个全球产业，5G则是深化国际合作的重要领域、前景无限。因此，中欧数字协会认为中欧需要从一开始就开展5G方面的合作，这应当成为欧盟5G战略的第二个助推器，对上述欧盟内的种种行动指导起补充作用。

Therefore, ChinaEU suggested the following three concrete action lines to the Commission during the public consultation:

所以，中欧数字协会在公众咨询答卷中建议采取欧委会采取以下三步具体行动：

• Exploring synergies between the Chinese and EU 5G policies
• 全面探索中欧5G政策的对接点

China attaches great importance to 5G in its national five-year plan and has set the goal of 5G commercialization by 2020, while the EU is looking forward to contemplate early 5G deployment by the same deadline. Since the two sides want to move at the same pace, it is more efficient and reciprocal to work together and help each other where there is overlapping ambition.

中国在十三五规划里重点强调发展5G移动通讯技术，并设立了力争在2020年实现5G商用的目标，而欧盟也希望在相同的期限里完成在欧盟范围内的5G初步部署。既然双方想以相同的速度前进，那么在志向一致的领域联手和互助将大大提高这一过程的效率，双方都可以从中获益。

• Carry out joint research and trails on 5G
• 在5G领域开展联合科研和技术试验

In order to inject innovation to the 5G deployment process in Europe, the EU should look for partners to increase critical mass and foster the exchange of expertise and new ideas with partners that have common agendas. China would seem the best candidate for such partnership.

为了给欧洲的5G部署进程注入创新力，欧盟应该寻找具有相同发展议程且能够帮助提高临界质量的伙伴们，并促进与他们间专业知识和新鲜想法的交换与碰撞。中国貌似是成就该伙伴关系最好的候选者。

China is the largest market for Internet in the world and it will definitely take a leading role in global 5G development in the next decades. The first to ally with China will not only take a bigger piece of cake in the market share, but also grasp the chance to stand at the top and develop its own 5G and capability at a faster speed than the EU could do on its own or with other, less committed, partners.

中国是世界上最大的互联网市场，也无疑会在接下来的几十年里引领全球5G和物联网的发展。谁第一个和中国结盟，谁就相当于抓住了站在产业链顶端的机会，不仅能够确保在这个新兴市场多分得一杯羹，同时也可以用比欧盟自己研发或是和其他不如中国坚定的伙伴合作都更快的速度发展欧盟自身的5G和物联网。

The leading Chinese telecom vendors are taking pioneering actions to lead the trend. For example, ZTE is currently working on a pre-5G technology and has already started its pre-5G trials in China.

很多中国电信领军企业已经捷足先登，开拓了不少首创的技术，引领着全球5G发展趋势。举例来说，中兴目前正在研发的pre-5G技术已经在中国开始了技术试验。

Therefore, Europe should maintain privileged relations with Chinese partners and promote joint actions both in the field of research and in the trials. Further ‘concrete joint initiatives’ should be put in place step by step, such as the first ‘Full 5G Cities’, that could be initially located in Europe and in China.

因此，欧洲应该继续保持和发展与中国伙伴间良好的关系，同时促进双方在科研和技术试验领域的合作。进一步的“具体联合倡议与行动”也需要相继到位，例如在中国和欧洲打造第一批“全5G城市”。

•  Setting up a joint China-EU digital fund
• 共同设立一个中欧数字基金

The fund would support and invest in small and medium-sized EU and Chinese enterprises operating in 5G who are passionate about expanding their business in each other’s market.

该基金可以用来投资和扶植在5G领域有兴趣拓展海外市场的中欧中小型企业，帮助他们在对方市场开展业务。