The B20 recipe for global economic redress features China’s footprints B20为世界经济复苏开出了一剂印有中国特色的处方
Early September 2016, the Heads of State and government of 19 major developed and developing countries, as well as the heads of the EU Institutions, got together in Hangzhou, Eastern China with the critical task to build an“innovative, invigorated, interconnected and inclusive global economy”. Not an easy mission at a time when the world economy, trapped in low-growth, is undergoing painful adjustments, questioning the benefits of free trade and globalization, and desperately seeking new drivers of growth and stability, in a context of destabilizing demographic challenges and the threat of terrorism.
金秋9月伊始，来自19个主要发达国家和发展中国家的国家元首以及欧盟机构首脑带着一个共同的艰巨任务齐聚中国杭州：构建创新、活力、联动、包容的世界经济。当前世界经济正陷在增长的持续低迷中并经历着痛苦的变革，对自由贸易和全球化是否真的可以带来利益产生质疑的同时也绝望地拼命寻找着促进增长和稳定的新引擎，而难民潮、老龄社会、收入分配不均等人口问题带来的严峻挑战也从未停止，此外还有来自恐怖主义日益增长的威胁。在这样一个形式并不容乐观的大背景下，这个任务显然颇具难度。
The G20 Summit, chaired this year by China, showed its ambition to become the premier forum for international cooperation in light of a perceived declining relevance of other traditional international organizations.
由中国主办的本届G20峰会向世界展示了其希望肩负这一重要使命的雄心壮志，即在其他传统国际机构影响力走下坡路的时刻挺身而出，成为促进国际合作的首要沟通平台。
A key element for this purpose is the connection with the business world. The G20 leaders were assisted throughout the year by the business community, or B20. The B20 held several meetings over the past eight months to discuss and formulate specific and actionable policy recommendations to be endorsed by the governments. Over 600 companies and organizations, including ChinaEU, sent their representatives to the B20 Summit, held in Hangzhou on September 3-4, at the eve of the G20 Summit.
而达成该目标的一个关键因素便是与工商界的连接度。二十国集团工商界活动，即B20致力于全年协助G20领导人。在过去的八个月里，B20举行了多次会议来探讨制定可行且明确的政策建议以供各国政府采纳。G20峰会举行前夕，包括中欧数字协会在内的超过600家企业和机构均派出了代表参加9月3-4日在杭州举行的B20峰会。
The very elite of China’s entrepreneurship was present: Jack Ma, Executive Chairman of e-commerce company Alibaba and Chair of the B20’s SME development taskforce, Robin Li, CEO of tech giant Baidu and Chair of the B20’s employment taskforce, Frank Ning, Chairman of Sinochem Group and Chair of the B20’s trade and investment taskforce, Ren Hongbin, Chairman of China National Machinery Industry Corporation and Chair of the B20’s infrastructure taskforce, Miao Jianmin, President of China Life Insurance and Chair of the B20’s financing growth taskforce, Yang Yuanqing, CEO of Lenovo. A selection of G20 leaders were present in the discussions together with the business community, including President of South Africa Jacob Zuma, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, as well as the heads of nine major international organizations, including IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde.
在本届B20峰会上几乎看到了所有中国顶尖企业家的身影，包括电商巨头阿里巴巴执行主席及B20中小企业发展工作组主席马云、科技巨头百度首席执行官及B20就业议题组主席李彦宏、中国中化集团董事长及贸易投资议题工作组主席宁高宁、中国机械工业集团总裁及基础设施工作组主席任洪斌、中国人寿保险总裁及金融促增长议题工作组主席缪建民和联想集团首席执行官杨元庆。而部分G20领导人也参与到了工商界的讨论中，如南非总统雅各布·祖马、加拿大总理贾斯廷·特鲁多、澳大利亚总理马尔科姆·特恩布尔、以及包括国际货币基金组织总裁克里斯蒂娜·拉加德在内的九大主要国际机构的领导者。
Chinese President Xi Jinping opened the floor of the B20 meeting with an important reminder that the business community must act to move forward and deliver tangible progress. “Action speaks louder than words” he warned. And he went on giving concrete examples of how China itself has made concrete steps to adjust its own economic development model toward a new normal, to further integrate itself in the world economy, to promote a greener and more sustainable economy. A case in point being China’s commitment to cut domestic steel capacity and coal production, while investing in high-tech production.
中国国家主席习近平在B20峰会开幕式的主旨讲话中提醒工商界必须采取行动才能推动世界经济走上强劲、可持续、平衡、包容的增长之路并取得实实在在的成果。“行胜于言” ，习近平主席继而强调到。他列举了很多具体例子阐述中国近年来是如何采取切实措施转变其经济发展方式、适应经济发展新常态、融入世界经济、以及坚持推动更加绿色的可持续经济发展战略。其中一个非常有说服力的例子便是中国承诺削减钢铁和煤矿产能，同时加大对高科技产品的投资力度。
Chinese President Xi Jinping delivers a keynote speech at the B20 summit 中国国家主席习近平在B20峰会开幕式上发表主旨演讲
The message of Xi Jinping to the international business community was one of confidence. Confidence over the Chinese economy, whose uncertain future has become target of finger-pointing and subject of major concern worldwide: “We have the confidence and the ability to maintain medium-to-high growth rates, making significant contribution to global growth. China is resolved to carry out reforms through the end. China’s opening up will not stop or reverse course and the country will continue to be fully engaged in international cooperation, expand access to foreign investment, promote fair and open competition, create sound business environment”. It was also a message of confidence in the capacity of G20 to play a major role in resolving the ills of the world economy, shifting its focus from crisis management to long-term governance, through a coordinated effort aimed at “seeking common ground while shoveling differences”.
习近平主席在讲话中向国际工商界传达了一个重要讯息，那就是他对中国的经济发展充满信心。随着中国经济在世界格局中的重要性与日俱增，扑朔迷离的中国未来经济走向持续受到外界关注、也一度遭到各界的质疑。对此，习近平主席说道：“我们有信心、有能力保持经济中高速增长，继续在实现自身发展的同时为世界带来更多发展机遇。我们将坚定不移全面深化改革，开拓更好发展前景，把改革进行到底。我们将坚定不移扩大对外开放，实现更广互利共赢。我们对外开放不会停滞，更不会走回头路。我们将继续深入参与经济全球化进程，支持多边贸易体制。我们将加大放宽外商投资准入，提高便利化程度，促进公平开放竞争，全力营造优良营商环境。”同时，习近平主席也传达了对G20在重振世界经济过程中扮演重要角色的信心，秉承“求同存异、聚同化异”，G20有能力从短期政策向中长期政策转型，从危机应对向长效治理机制转型。
In Hangzhou, the B20 made 20 policy recommendations to the G20 leaders. Of these 20 recommendations, in particular two initiatives stand out and both of them are fruit of the vision of charismatic Chinese business leaders. The first and boldest one is the proposal of launching an electronic platform for world trade, or eWTP, aimed at integrating small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the global economy through multi-channeled financing and improvement of the regulatory environment.
在杭州，B20向G20提交了20条政策建议。这其中有两条倡议脱颖而出，且均来自中国超凡商业领袖们的远见与胆识。排在榜首、同时也是最大胆的倡议当属马云提出的建立世界电子贸易平台(eWTP)。该倡议旨在通过拓展基金渠道和改善政策环境来提高中小企业在全球经济中的参与度。
Speaking in favor for trade at a banquet at the B20 Summit, Jack Ma – who is himself from Hangzhou, further elaborated on the rationale behind the eWTP proposal that he aired at the beginning of this year at the Bo’ao Forum. “2000 years ago China built a wall because we were worried about the others. Somebody here today says that we should build another wall to prevent trade. I am not happy about that. Globalization is not a threat to the economy or to jobs. Globalization means prosperity, it means jobs, if only we can improve it.” Today’s trade rules are designed for big companies, who represent only 20% of overall businesses and yet manage 90% of global trade. While contributing to more than 50% of global GDP and an even higher percentage of employment, he explained“SMEs face challenges such as poor access to global markets, complex regulations and certifications designed for big companies, and a lack of access to financing.” eWTP proposes to tackle these inefficiencies and improve the global trade environment for the small and medium businesses, incubating new rules for e-trade.
在B20峰会的晚宴上，本身就是杭州人的马云进一步详细阐述了他于2015年三月在博鳌论坛上首提的世界电子贸易平台倡议背后的理念：“ 2000年以前，中国建造了长城，那是因为担心外敌入侵。今天还有人说要建贸易壁垒，来阻止自由贸易，这种论调我不同意，我们不能再用2000年前的办法来解决问题。在我看来，全球化不是对经济的威胁，不是对就业的威胁，全球化本身就意味着更多的就业和更多的工作岗位，只要我们能够让全球化进行的更加顺畅。”现如今的贸易规则多为大公司服务，它们仅仅代表全球商业总额的20%，但却掌握着全球90%的贸易。尽管它们贡献了全球超过50%的GDP以及更高的就业率，马云解释说，“中小企业发展正面临着严峻的难题，比如进入全球市场的挑战、为大公司定制的那些复杂的管理规章和资质证书制度、还有资金短缺。”世界电子贸易平台倡议的提出便是希望解决上述问题、改进全球贸易环境并提出新的电子商务规则，让自由贸易也能够惠及那80%的中小企业。
Jack Ma, Executive Chairman Alibaba and Chair of the B20’s SME development taskforce speaks at the B20 Summit Banquet 阿里巴巴执行主席及B20中小企业发展工作组主席马云在B20峰会晚宴上讲话
Jack Ma’s position is apparently shared by the political leadership of his country, who positioned itself at the G20 as a driver and defender of free, open and inclusive trade, balancing against the growing anti-globalization sentiments, which threat to undermine the most important drivers of growth: trade and investment. With this goal, China proposed the launch of the Global Infrastructure Connectivity Alliance, building on the One Belt One Road initiative and aimed at interconnecting it with other national, regional and transnational infrastructure projects.
很显然，马云的观点和他的国家领袖不谋而合。习近平主席在G20峰会的讲话中也将中国定位是自由、开放、包容贸易的拥护者和驱动者，并指出中国应当帮助平衡当前存在的反全球化情绪，因为这威胁到全球经济增长最重要的两股力量：贸易和投资。以此为目标，中国提议在一带一路倡议的基础上建立全球基础设施互联互通联盟，以促进其与其他国家、地区及跨国基础设施项目间的相互连接。
China has also shown leadership in shifting the attention of the G20 political leaders to the importance of digital and 5G as growth engines, along the line advocated by ChinaEU in the B20. President Xi Jinping drew the attention of his counterparts on the “need to build an innovative world economy to generate new drivers of growth: innovation is key to unleash the growth potential. The new round of scientific revolution with internet at its core is gathering momentum, bringing revolutionary changes to our way of work and way of life.”
中国还成功将G20政治领袖的注意力转到数字和5G上面，以及它们作为新的增长引擎对世界经济复苏的重要性，而这一点也是中欧数字协会在参与B20所有会议时所一直提倡的。习近平主席向他的伙伴们强调： “建设创新型世界经济，开辟增长源泉。创新是从根本上打开增长之锁的钥匙。以互联网为核心的新一轮科技和产业革命蓄势待发，人工智能、虚拟现实等新技术日新月异，虚拟经济与实体经济的结合，将给人们的生产方式和生活方式带来革命性变化。”
This was the first time that innovation, the new industrial revolution and the digital economy were discussed in a G20 Summit, leading to the formulation of a G20 Blueprint on Innovative Growth and to the decision to add a new B20 taskforce on digitalization starting from next year G20, to be chaired by Germany.
这是创新、新工业革命以及数字经济首次在G20峰会上得到讨论，且很快就获得了高度重视。峰会成果之一便是通过了《二十国集团创新增长蓝图》，同时，从明年由德国主办的G20峰会起，B20将在现有六大工作组基础上增加数字化工作组。
ChinaEU will further invest efforts in the B20 in favour of its members because it sees eWTP as one of the most ambitious yet actionable measures to boost internet penetration in the broad public and justify further investment by telecom operators in faster and even more reliable global connectivity, including 5G. One of the key roles of ChinaEU will be to extend the scope of eWTP from global business application to a more holistic concept, encompassing regulatory reforms. ChinaEU is particularly well placed to provide an added value in this debate, building on its expertise in European Union regulations and their review in the framework of the EU Digital Single Market. For ChinaEU the EU experience shows that co- and self-regulation are the best way to achieve an effective consumer protection in web, and increasing consumer trust in e-commerce. In particular, experience shows that detailed Government regulation – the way initially chosen by the EU and most of its member states – leads to litigation and uncertainty, at the expense of legal certainty and consumer trust.
中欧数字协会认为世界电子贸易平台倡议是促进互联网的大众普及和说服电信运营商加强对包括5G在内的更高速、更可靠全球联通技术的投资最具雄心且最具可行性的举措之一。为此，中欧数字协会也将一如既往地代表其会员利益积极参与B20，为发展数字经济贡献一己之力。中欧数字协会在其中能够起到的一个关键作用便是将世界电子贸易平台倡议的范围从全球商业应用扩展到一个更加全面的概念，把电子商务领域的规章制度改革也涵盖进去。中欧数字协会对欧盟管理条例及其对欧盟数字单一市场的审查均有着很强的专业知识，凭借这一点，中欧数字协会就有得天独厚的条件为这场辩论增添附加值。对于中欧数字协会来说，欧盟的过往经验证明了自我调节和共同管理是有效保护网络消费者的最好办法，同时还能够提高消费者对电子商务的信任度。特别是这一经验还告诉我们，事无巨细的政府调控–欧盟及其大部分成员国的首选政策手段–将以牺牲法律稳定性和消费者信任为代价，最终导致法律纠纷和各种因素的不确定性。
Luigi Gambardella, President of ChinaEU and Yu Ping, B20 China Sherpa and Vice Chairman of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade at B20 中欧数字协会主席鲁乙己和中国国际贸易促进委员会副会长及B20协调人于平在会场交谈
ChinaEU will also provide its support to further develop the second bold initiative promoted at B20 by Baidu’s leader Robin Li. Named G20 SMART, the initiative consists of a series of actions to encourage entrepreneurship and innovation, through for example the creation of a joint fund to develop advanced technologies or visa-free policies for managers of small and medium businesses to travel within the G20 countries.
此外，中欧数字协会也将协助发展由百度首席执行官李彦宏提出的智慧(SMART)创新倡议。以智慧为名，该倡议包括一系列鼓励创业和创新的行动提案，比如通过联合成立G20科技创新基金发展先进技术，或者通过为G20内部的科技创新人才和中小型企业企业家提供多边长期签证和快速通关等待遇促进人才交流。
CEO of Baidu and Chair of the B20’s employment taskforce speaks at B20 Summit 百度首席执行官及B20就业议题组主席李彦宏在B20峰会上发言
ChinaEU and the other B20 participants left the B20 summit with feeling of “mission accomplished”. However, now the work is starting on the practical follow up. The B20 will continue feeding in proposals to the G20, but in parallel, business must take its responsibilities. On the other hand, ChinaEU looks forward to governments and international organizations integrating the G20 recommendations and make their business regulations more simple, more business oriented and friendly. This is the only way to ensure that investment and innovation would continue and grow.
中欧数字协会和其他B20参与者都是带着一种“完成使命”的感觉离开峰会的。但从现在起我们需要开始具体行动的跟进。B20将继续为G20谏言献策，但与此同时，企业也必须承担起其应有的责任。另一方面，中欧数字协会也期待着各国政府和国际机构采纳G20提出的建议，以企业成长为导向简化现有规则制度，为鼓励企业发展提供支持，而这也是确保投资和创新持续增长的唯一途径。
Full speech of President Xi Jinping available here:
请点击以下链接查看习近平在B20峰会开幕式讲话全文：
http://www.g20.org/English/image/201609/t20160904_3336.html
Full B20 taskforces policy recommendations available here:
请点击以下链接查看B20工作组提交的政策建议：
http://en.b20-china.org/documents/report
Press Review:
新闻回顾：
People’s Daily:
伙伴精神是G20最宝贵财富——国际社会寄望“杭州共识”引领世界经济发展
平等、开放、合作、共享，共同完善全球经济治理（G20再出发·构建创新、活力、联动、包容的世界经济
China Daily:
Xi shows confidence in global economy at B20
China-led initiatives ‘open to all’
European organization endorses eWTP proposal
Alibaba chief seeks global e-trading platform
Xinhua News Agency:
News Analysis: G20 in China, a new launchpad for global economy
Xi’s G20 summit opening speech reverberates across world
Interview: Expert says upcoming G20 summit important opportunity to better understand China
中国结构性改革为全球发展提供解决方案——迎接Ｇ２０杭州峰会述评之三
全球连线：新起点、新期盼、新机遇——全球专家学者寄语Ｇ２０杭州峰会
China Radio International:
Guangming Daily
